Address family independence (1) Host name resolution - DNS or /etc/hosts "www.kame.net" can return both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses "telnet turmeric.itojun.org" should try both IPv4 and IPv6 Having "telnet4" and "telnet6" is a huge pain to users Transition has to be transparent (invisible) to users So, need address family independent APIs behind-the-scene $ORIGIN itojun.org. turmeric IN AAAA 2001:218:420:0:2e0:98ff:fe00:309f IN AAAA 3ffe:501:410:0:2e0:98ff:fe00:309f IN A 210.160.95.98