Deploying IPv6-only network Happens only in far future, or when admins got tired of maintaining IPv4 IPv6-only node needs to be able to talk with IPv4-only node Need to click www.yahoo.com... Translator Appilication layer: web proxy, fwtk, sendmail TCP layer: socks, fwtk IP layer: header translation Has the same problems with NAT (not end-to-end, single point of failure)