IPv6 in real life network IPv4 and IPv6 packet can coexist on the same medium Normally IPv6-only node can talk with IPv6 node only Need to click www.yahoo.com... IPv4/v6 dual stack node A node that can speak both Use IPv4 to talk with IPv4 node, IPv6 to IPv6 node You can even use NAT for IPv4 communication NAT network for IPv4, global network access for IPv6 Translator (between IPv6 only and IPv4 only nodes) Appilication layer: web proxy, fwtk, sendmail TCP layer: socks, fwtk IP layer: header translation Similar to NAT Not end-to-end, single point of failure